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Who Is Jewish?
In the diverse global community, there exist many different religions and cultures. One of the world’s oldest monotheistic religions is Judaism, with approximately 14 million adherents around the world, making it the tenth largest religion. Those of the faith are typically referred to as Jews.
Judaism’s roots trace back to 4000 BCE in the region that is now Israel, and its adherents carry a range of beliefs and practices which vary from Orthodox to Reconstructionist and Conservative.
It is important to note that one does not have to be born to a Jewish family to identify as Jewish. As with all religions, the definition of who is Jewish is subject to interpretation and debate. Many consider anyone with a Jewish parent to be Jewish, while others may accept persons who have been raised Jewish or converted to the religion as Jewish.
Defining characteristics of Jewish people include an adherence to the main principles of the Torah, Hebrew scripture, and religious observances such as observing the Sabbath (from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday). Biblical interpretations and customs are followed in many of these rituals, such as participating in celebrations of holy days, reciting specific prayers, and eating kosher foods prepared in particular ways.
There are several types of Jewish denominations, each with its own set of rituals, traditional values, and beliefs. These denominations vary in terms of their definition and understanding of who is Jewish.
Orthodox Jews adhere to halacha, a set of Jewish laws which detail how to live life in accordance with Jewish tradition. These laws range from how to prepare food to how to dress and are strictly adhered to and highly respected. The most traditional form of Orthodox Judaism is Haredi, which is often associated with the wearing of distinctive attire and limits on technology. Orthodox Jews have a permanent commitment to Judaism and are likely to have a large number of children who are raised Jewish.
Conservative Jews also adhere to Jewish law as described in the Torah, but with less stringency than Orthodox Jews. They often embrace more modern interpretations of certain customs and rituals, such as allowing the driving of cars on the Sabbath and using electric cookers.
Reform Jews and Reconstructionist Jews hold less strict views on Jewish law, relying on traditions and culture as opposed to religious scripture to define them. They may or may not observe religious practices such as keeping kosher and attending synagogue.
Finally, Jews by Choice are individuals who have converted to the faith, often from another religion, and have adopted many of the practices and beliefs as those who were born Jewish. Generally, it is up to the individual’s Jewish community to decide whether or not a Jew by Choice is accepted into their congregation.
Who is Jewish is a complicated question, as different denominations and communities associate with different ideals and customs. Ultimately, though, anyone who identifies with the values and beliefs of Judaism is thought to be a part of the Jewish community.
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